the work of a master wagon with an electrician. Electrician-technician, emergency, electrician-designer and other types of profession. Education

Mod­ern human civ­i­liza­tion is bound­less­ly depen­dent on elec­tri­cal appli­ances — a pow­er out­age actu­al­ly throws us back at least a hun­dred years. None of us wants to give up the usu­al lev­el of com­fort guar­an­teed by elec­tri­cal appli­ances, and if an ordi­nary own­er can still repair a sock­et and a switch on his own, and at best, some kind of house­hold appli­ance, then com­plex equip­ment still requires the inter­ven­tion of a high­ly qual­i­fied pro­fes­sion­al, if still, the pit­falls can­not be avoid­ed. An elec­tri­cian is exact­ly the spe­cial­ist whose area of ​​respon­si­bil­i­ty includes the repair and adjust­ment of elec­tri­cal net­works of any lev­el of com­plex­i­ty.

An elec­tri­cian is an extreme­ly broad con­cept, by no means lim­it­ed to the prim­i­tive repair of sock­ets and switch­es. Nowa­days, the rel­e­vance of the pro­fes­sion is increas­ing. Qual­i­fied spe­cial­ists are need­ed every­where, and their work is well paid. The duties of a mod­ern spe­cial­ist include absolute­ly any ser­vice, one way or anoth­er con­nect­ed with an elec­tri­cian, that is, he deals not only with wiring, but in gen­er­al with any elec­tri­cal equip­ment.

The his­to­ry of the pro­fes­sion has over a hun­dred years, although the­o­ret­i­cal­ly it can be increased to two hun­dred years — to the time when physi­cists in lab­o­ra­to­ries were just start­ing exper­i­ments with elec­tric­i­ty and could be con­sid­ered the first elec­tri­cians. At that time, the prop­er­ties of ener­gy were lit­tle known, and the exper­i­ments them­selves were fraught with injuries, and even death, because his­tor­i­cal­ly it turned out that the spe­cial­ty is dan­ger­ous and is con­sid­ered the most suit­able for men.

Over time, elec­tric light­ing and an elec­tric tram were intro­duced — the enter­pris­es oper­at­ing them were among the first to need an elec­tri­cian as a full-time employ­ee. With the spread of indoor elec­tric light­ing, house­hold appli­ances and indus­tri­al equip­ment that used elec­tric­i­ty, the num­ber of vacan­cies only increased.

Like any oth­er pro­fes­sion, being an elec­tri­cian comes with its own set of pros and cons. If you are just think­ing about choos­ing a pro­fes­sion, it is worth con­sid­er­ing the advan­tages and dis­ad­van­tages of such work in order to form an ade­quate idea of ​​​​what you will have to do in advance.

Let’s start with the good — we list the rea­sons why being an elec­tri­cian is prof­itable:

• the pro­fes­sion remains one of the most rel­e­vant — human­i­ty is still very depen­dent on elec­tri­cal appli­ances, and in the near future there are no mass tech­nolo­gies that can replace a liv­ing elec­tri­cian;
• you can always help your­self and your loved ones — the pro­fes­sion is very use­ful at home, and you can solve any emer­gency sit­u­a­tion on your own, with­out wait­ing for the arrival of third-par­ty spe­cial­ists;
• the work of an elec­tri­cian, as a rule, con­sists in obser­va­tion and prompt response, there­fore you can work at sev­er­al enter­pris­es at once, main­tain­ing elec­tri­cal equip­ment in good con­di­tion;
• if nec­es­sary, you can earn addi­tion­al income by help­ing your neigh­bors in small ways or by pro­vid­ing elec­tri­cian ser­vices under a free­lance scheme.

It is equal­ly impor­tant to be aware of all the short­com­ings of the pro­fes­sion in advance so that they do not become unpleas­ant sur­pris­es. So, here’s what can push you away from becom­ing an elec­tri­cian:

• house­hold equip­ment uses a rel­a­tive­ly safe volt­age of 220 volts, but ser­viced equip­ment shows much more impres­sive per­for­mance, so the work of an elec­tri­cian is still dan­ger­ous;
• com­mu­ni­ca­tions requir­ing repair can be locat­ed at a con­sid­er­able height, and this is always a cer­tain risk of falling and dis­com­fort for a per­son who is afraid of heights;
• con­sid­er­ing the pro­fes­sion of an elec­tri­cian as a prof­itable and well-paid one, you need to under­stand that income great­ly depends on the com­plex­i­ty of the work per­formed and even the region where you work: you can work with com­plex mod­ern equip­ment at a tech­no­log­i­cal plant, earn­ing very decent­ly, but you can also be an elec­tri­cian at school, earn­ing pen­nies.

Accord­ing to the clas­si­fi­er of pro­fes­sions, an elec­tri­cian is not a pro­fes­sion, but rather a group of relat­ed pro­fes­sions, one way or anoth­er relat­ed to the oper­a­tion and main­te­nance of elec­tri­cal equip­ment. Pro­fes­sion­al stan­dard involves a num­ber of dif­fer­ent nar­row spe­cial­ties, among which we will con­sid­er only a few of the most pop­u­lar:

• elec­tri­cians — are engaged in lay­ing elec­tri­cal net­works, from large-scale high­ways to house lines, work as part of emer­gency or con­struc­tion teams;
• oper­at­ing per­son­nel - in a sense, “the­o­rists” from the world of elec­tric­i­ty, who do not so much lay or repair high­ways as mon­i­tor their nor­mal and cor­rect oper­a­tion, select the opti­mal oper­at­ing modes in a par­tic­u­lar peri­od of time;
• elec­tron­ics engi­neers — have more to do not with wiring, but with elec­tron­ic cir­cuits, repair com­plex equip­ment that is most eas­i­ly described as com­put­ers;
• audi­tors – Esti­ma­tors of elec­tric­i­ty con­sump­tion and ener­gy con­sump­tion, engaged in the opti­miza­tion of costs and loss­es for more effi­cient use of elec­tri­cal net­works.

When apply­ing for a job, a vacan­cy can be described in even more detail, because it is clear that elec­tri­cians can be tech­ni­cians at a pow­er plant, main­tain car elec­tri­cal sys­tems, work on a rail­way, or sol­der bro­ken house­hold appli­ances.

For obvi­ous rea­sons, the exact list of duties depends heav­i­ly on the place of work, but at the same time, there are groups — cat­e­gories that allow an elec­tri­cian to obtain per­mis­sion to per­form tasks of a cer­tain lev­el of com­plex­i­ty or dan­ger. In oth­er words, the boss does not have the right to require the employ­ee to per­form those duties that are not pro­vid­ed for by his cat­e­go­ry. Strict­ly speak­ing, this clas­si­fi­ca­tion affects even peo­ple who do not have any spe­cial­ized edu­ca­tion, they are assigned the first cat­e­go­ry, which allows them to use elec­tri­cal equip­ment and pro­vide first aid. The high­est — 6th cat­e­go­ry — makes its own­er a uni­ver­sal spe­cial­ist, able to cope with a task of any lev­el of com­plex­i­ty.

If we talk about the duties of elec­tri­cians and rep­re­sen­ta­tives of relat­ed pro­fes­sions in gen­er­al, we must be pre­pared to per­form the fol­low­ing work:

• lay­ing an elec­tri­cal cable;
• con­nect equip­ment to the pow­er sup­ply;
• cal­cu­late the required cable size;
• plan the wiring dia­gram in the premis­es;
• pro­phy­lac­ti­cal­ly inspect the entrust­ed elec­tri­cal equip­ment and wiring in order to ear­ly iden­ti­fy and elim­i­nate any short­com­ings;
• repair elec­tri­cal net­works upon request;
• install sock­ets and insu­la­tors;
• per­form com­mis­sion­ing before con­nect­ing devices;
• train junior staff in the rules of safe behav­ior with elec­tri­cal appli­ances;
• con­stant­ly learn and improve your own knowl­edge.

The job descrip­tion in detail may dif­fer not only from enter­prise to enter­prise, but also depend­ing on what cat­e­go­ry a par­tic­u­lar elec­tri­cian has. Nev­er­the­less, in gen­er­al, the pro­vi­sions will be approx­i­mate­ly the same, which allows you to eval­u­ate them in advance, mak­ing your own con­clu­sions about what is allowed for the employ­ee:

• act to elim­i­nate vio­la­tions and incon­sis­ten­cies asso­ci­at­ed with wiring and elec­tri­cal equip­ment, ide­al­ly work­ing proac­tive­ly;
• rely on social guar­an­tees estab­lished by law;
• rely on the assis­tance of oth­er team mem­bers in the imple­men­ta­tion of the rights and oblig­a­tions of an elec­tri­cian;
• require the pro­vi­sion of spe­cif­ic con­di­tions nec­es­sary for the com­fort­able and safe per­for­mance of offi­cial duties;
• access doc­u­men­ta­tion relat­ed to wiring and the use of elec­tri­cal equip­ment;
• improve the lev­el of their own pro­fes­sion­al train­ing;
• report to the man­age­ment about the detect­ed short­com­ings and vio­la­tions in the oper­a­tion of elec­tri­cal appli­ances and wiring, offer their own vision of solv­ing the prob­lem;
• famil­iar­ize your­self with the job descrip­tion, your own rights and oblig­a­tions, as well as the cri­te­ria for eval­u­at­ing your own work.

Time­ly and ade­quate per­for­mance of the duties stip­u­lat­ed by the job descrip­tion is an impor­tant point. But the work of an elec­tri­cian is also dif­fi­cult in the sense that he is direct­ly respon­si­ble for emer­gen­cies that may result in loss­es for the employ­er, injury or even death for employ­ees.

As in the case of rights, the exact area of ​​​​respon­si­bil­i­ty may depend on the specifics of the place of work and the posi­tion held, but in gen­er­al, you will have to answer in the fol­low­ing sit­u­a­tions:

• fail­ure to ful­fill their direct offi­cial duties with­in the pre­scribed peri­od, includ­ing refusal to use the rights grant­ed by the job descrip­tion, if this entailed any unde­sir­able con­se­quences;
• ignor­ing safe­ty reg­u­la­tions, fire pro­tec­tion, inter­nal reg­u­la­tions, and so on;
• com­mu­ni­ca­tion of the trade secret of your enter­prise to any third par­ties who do not have autho­rized access to such infor­ma­tion;
• non-com­pli­ance with the pro­vi­sions of inter­nal reg­u­la­to­ry doc­u­ments, as well as their imple­men­ta­tion in an insuf­fi­cient or improp­er form;
• any offense pro­vid­ed for by the cur­rent leg­is­la­tion, in the course of labor activ­i­ty, with the pun­ish­ment pro­vid­ed for by law;
• dam­age to the employ­er due to neg­li­gence or mali­cious intent;
• exces­sive or unau­tho­rized use of the rights grant­ed by the job descrip­tion, includ­ing for per­son­al gain.

An elec­tri­cian is a per­son on whose shoul­ders a sig­nif­i­cant amount of respon­si­bil­i­ty is assigned, since the well-being of the enter­prise and the safe­ty of oth­er employ­ees depend on his time­ly pro­fes­sion­al actions. For such an employ­ee, suf­fi­cient qual­i­fi­ca­tions are extreme­ly impor­tant, there­fore the first and most impor­tant require­ment for an elec­tri­cian is to under­stand his main field of activ­i­ty with­out the help of aux­il­iary books and cheat sheetsbe able to quick­ly assess the sit­u­a­tion and take imme­di­ate cor­rec­tive action. In oth­er words, a good elec­tri­cian must know the device, spec­i­fi­ca­tions and prin­ci­ples of oper­a­tion of the equip­ment with which he will work.

Spe­cial atten­tion is paid to the per­son­al qual­i­ties of a per­son, because not every­one is a pri­ori capa­ble of being a good elec­tri­cian. At a min­i­mum, you need to be a very respon­si­ble and atten­tive per­son, because an elec­tri­cian has no right to make mis­takes in work or aban­don a task that is not com­plet­ed. Some­times the elim­i­na­tion of a break­down involves a huge amount of applied forces, while it is impos­si­ble to post­pone the repair — there­fore, phys­i­cal endurance will be appro­pri­ate. When work­ing in poten­tial­ly dan­ger­ous con­di­tions, it is worth hav­ing a good reac­tion and a cer­tain amount of accu­ra­cy.

The desire to become an elec­tri­cian as a pro­fes­sion­al rarely appears with­out a pre-laid base — a per­son inter­est­ed in this mat­ter is some­how inter­est­ed in the top­ic on his own, receives cer­tain knowl­edge from his father or acquain­tances, prac­tices at home in repair­ing sock­ets and switch­es, as well as oth­er house­hold appli­ances.

Today, the Inter­net allows you to get a lot of infor­ma­tion about elec­tri­cal engi­neer­ing and wiring, and a per­sis­tent self-taught per­son, sup­ple­ment­ing all this with good lit­er­a­ture and train­ing videos, is real­ly able to reach a cer­tain lev­el. Let’s put it this way: thanks to this approach, you can learn to do with­out called mas­ters at home and even earn mon­ey by help­ing neigh­bors and acquain­tances, but it is unlike­ly that you will be able to get a per­ma­nent and offi­cial job — the employ­er will still want to see doc­u­men­tary evi­dence of the received spe­cial­ty.

If you decide to study thor­ough­ly in order to get a pro­fes­sion and the right to work, you should con­sid­er one of the three options for edu­ca­tion­al insti­tu­tions.

• School or col­lege. Hav­ing entered here, you are unlike­ly to be able to count on amaz­ing vacan­cies and impres­sive salaries in the future — it would be more cor­rect to say that “work­hors­es” are being trained here who are engaged in per­form­ing mechan­i­cal tasks of the same type accord­ing to worked out, not invent­ed by them schemes. The advan­tage of such train­ing is that any­one can enter, and it will take only 1–3 years to receive a diplo­ma.
• Tech­ni­cal Col­lege. This is already an order of mag­ni­tude high­er lev­el than the one that is received at the school. The the­o­ry in this case is not lim­it­ed to the min­i­mum basics, and although you will not be an engi­neer, most of the good vacan­cies will be avail­able for selec­tion, which means that you can earn decent mon­ey. It is also rel­a­tive­ly easy to enter here, but it will take 3–4 years to get a diplo­ma.
• High­er edu­ca­tion­al insti­tu­tions. High­er edu­ca­tion is giv­en in order for a trained spe­cial­ist to work more with his head than with his hands, respec­tive­ly, the posi­tions will be even more respon­si­ble and a bit like man­age­r­i­al ones, and the salary, of course, will also increase. You will have to spend 4–5 years on train­ing, and of all this time, not much will be spent on prac­tice, but a huge the­o­ret­i­cal base will be laid. It will be pos­si­ble to enter only after the 11th grade or grad­u­a­tion from a tech­ni­cal school or col­lege. As it should be in uni­ver­si­ties, you will have to take the Uni­fied State Exam­i­na­tion, and the exact sci­ences — com­put­er sci­ence and math­e­mat­ics will be con­sid­ered spe­cial­ized.

The huge need of soci­ety for elec­tri­cians leads to the fact that you can get the appro­pri­ate edu­ca­tion in any more or less large city — a set­tle­ment does not even have to be a region­al cen­ter for this. The pro­fes­sion of an elec­tri­cian is also cho­sen by many peo­ple because it allows them not to trav­el far from home dur­ing their stu­dent years.

The unique­ness and prof­itabil­i­ty of the pro­fes­sion of an elec­tri­cian lies in the fact that almost any more or less large enter­prise needs it, and it can also work on a free­lance basis. This should not be sur­pris­ing — there are very few peo­ple in the world who do not encounter elec­tric­i­ty at all or take full respon­si­bil­i­ty for the cor­rect oper­a­tion and time­ly repair of all elec­tri­cal equip­ment and wiring locat­ed in their area of ​​​​respon­si­bil­i­ty.

To fur­ther empha­size what has been said, con­sid­er a few exam­ples of poten­tial jobs for an elec­tri­cian, spe­cial­ly select­ed so that they are as diverse as pos­si­ble.

• in the man­age­ment com­pa­ny. One of the most pre­dictable options, which allows serv­ing ordi­nary cit­i­zens in their homes, as well as repair­ing main com­mu­ni­ca­tions that ensure the oper­a­tion of ele­va­tors and street lamps, light in entrances, and so on. The job is large­ly about respond­ing to emer­gency calls, even in the mid­dle of the night, but allows you to get a job with­in walk­ing dis­tance of your home address.
• In a sana­to­ri­um. This place of work resem­bles the one described above, only the clients are vaca­tion­ers — peo­ple who have paid mon­ey for a com­fort­able stay at the recre­ation cen­ter and do not want to endure dis­com­fort even in a force majeure sit­u­a­tion. Accord­ing­ly, a faster response is required, due to which the area of ​​respon­si­bil­i­ty is small­er, and wages, as a rule, on the con­trary, are slight­ly high­er. If the san­i­tar­i­um is also locat­ed in the wilder­ness, you may be the only per­son on whom it depends on whether there is light.
• At the con­struc­tion site. In this case, the main task will not be repair, but the pri­ma­ry lay­ing of com­mu­ni­ca­tions, when it is pos­si­ble to clear­ly plan one’s duties and work accord­ing to a pre-planned sched­ule. A huge minus is the dubi­ous com­fort of the con­struc­tion site with its dust and noise.

Call­ing any one spe­cif­ic fig­ure, it is almost impos­si­ble to guess with the salary of an elec­tri­cian — the salary range is too diverse. Pre­dictably, in rur­al areas and with­out north­ern allowances, an employ­ee with a min­i­mum qual­i­fi­ca­tion, whose duties include only replac­ing sock­ets and switch­es, will receive mere pen­nies - per­haps even less than 20 thou­sand rubles. An employ­ee of a large enter­prise in Moscow, in the North, or any­where else will look fun­da­men­tal­ly dif­fer­ent if this is a strate­gic indus­try, and the elec­tri­cian him­self is not an ordi­nary one, but is respon­si­ble for the oper­a­tion of com­plex equip­ment. The salary of such an employ­ee can approach 100 thou­sand rubles.